Innovator of the Modern Art Essay Example for Free

Innovator of the Modern Art Essay Jackson became one of the trendsetters of the modern art movement. His technique, materials and perception of art distinguished him from other equally talented 20th century artists. The artworks that he produced represented his enigmatic character. Though many were amused with his painting, there were also those who questioned his artistic talents and knowledge. But he did not let these criticisms compromise his distinct creativity. Pollock was categorized as an Abstract Expressionist artist primarily because of his infamous drip paintings including the â€Å"Convergence†. These drip paintings were painted on a large canvas on the floor. According to Pollock, painting on the floor made him feel closer to his painting. He was able to work on the different angles of the canvass by walking around it. This unusual technique was considered by Pollock as a way of being a part of the painting not just the typical creator of it. The act of letting the the paint drip into the canvass generated prolonged and continuous lines in which the paintings were dominated by white and black and sometimes there were hints of exciting bold colors. In addition, the drips of the paint were able to create a three dimensional effect making it tactile and visually appealing. With regards to the choice of materials, Pollock utilized uncommon paints and brushes. His paints were industrial and household paints that he described as the â€Å"natural growth out of a need † (Boddy-Evans, 2008, What Paint Did Pollock Use? ). Meanwhile, the brushes were deteriorated and hard to let the paint naturally drip down the canvas. Pollock explained his painting method as â€Å"new needs need new techniques† meaning the modern age requires new approaches to reflect its real essence (Boddy-Evans, 2008, What Paint Did Pollock Use? ). References Boddy-Evans, M. ( 2008). What Paint Did Pollock Use?. About Inc. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://painting. about. com/od/colourtheory/a/Pollock_paint. htm.

The Natural Essay example -- essays research papers

The Natural The Natural written by Bernard Malamud was a very well written book. I really am not a big fan of baseball but I did enjoy this novel. This book is about never giving up no matter how bad the situations gets. Roy Hobbs wanted to be the best baseball player that ever lived, who broke all the records, and when he went walking down the street he wanted people to say, â€Å"Hey that’s Roy Hobbs,the greatest player of all times.† He would have been excellent and could have played baseball for many years, but someone didn’t want that. He was shot and it injured him terribly. Hobbs finally made it back and was found by a scout and was sent to play for the worst team in the league. I like how Hobbs never gives up. He goes up against the corrupters, the seducers, and the glory destroyers. No one wanted to let Hobbs play because he was old, they thought he should be at the age to retire not to just begin. This book goes to show that you can do anything if you set your mind to it and if you want it bad enough. Hobbs proved everyone wrong. He was worst possible thing happened, he met a girl. He started getting distracted and it a effected his game. Hobbs let a woman mess with his head. When Hobbs would go up to bat, he usually hit a home run but when he met this woman, he started striking out. I guess you could say that she was bad luck. Well, he eventually made is mind get cleared and was back to his old self. Another reason why I liked this novel is because it kind of gives a l...

Expanding the multicultural debate Essay

The authors use three specific examples to substantiate their arguments – first, the habit of the Japanese macaques to wash sweet potatoes; second, how an infant chimpanzee learns the American Sign Language from its mother; and third, the utilization of tools by wild chimpanzees. Primatologists in Japan found an unusual behavior that originated in a female Japanese macaque and was imitated by others in her troop in a short while. This female, known as Imo, began to wash sweet potatoes in the river before eating it. Soon she began to hold the potato in the stream of water with one hand and scrub it with the other hand. This novel behavior spread among the members of the troop in a very specific pattern. It was observed that young monkeys learned a new behavior faster than adult monkeys. It was also seen that female moneys learned a skill or habit faster than male monkeys, the reason for this pattern being that females have a greater tendency to stay within a group and participate in kin transmission of knowledge. A culture of washing sweet potatoes was thus transmitted from mother to child across a whole troop of macaques. Scientists in the United States of America studied the acquisition of the American Sign Language (ASL) by chimpanzees. Washoe was a chimpanzee raised since its birth as an ordinary American middle class child by a pair of foster parents who spoke with her and between each other only in ASL. By the time she was 51 months old she had an entire repertoire of signs to answer questions like what, who, how, when, whey, where, etc. The same experiment was repeated with four other chimpanzees and similar results were obtained with them. After Washoe moved to a lab she raised a baby chimpanzee named Loulis. Washoe taught Loulis ASL. His vocabulary comprised of 51 signs by the time he was 73 months old. Use of basic tools to crack open nuts and fruits has been observed in the chimpanzees living in West Africa. Those reared in captivity also showed this skill. When a group of chimpanzees who did not know to use anvil-like and hammer-like tools, were placed with three others who did know how to use stones as tools. It was found that this particular skill spread rapidly among the chimpanzees. The young ones learned it faster than adults and females learned it faster than the males. It was also found that those chimpanzees motivated by others in the group to use stone tools learned the skill better than those chimpanzees that lacked motivation. The author concludes that non-human primates are cultural beings even though they do not speak a language. He says that ‘animals’ and ‘humans’ are not different in principle. Charles Darwin placed human beings alongside animals to indicate the continuity of species. Therefore, says the author, there must be a radical revision in the manner in which animals are ethically treated and that they must be dealt with using the same moral principles that human beings use in dealing with other human beings. There are many evidences that both support and oppose the claim that non-human primates are cultural beings who entail the same treatment as human beings on an ethical level. The main focus of the supporting evidence has been on how primates learn new behaviors and skills. They learn by observation, instruction, social conflict, and group learning (Poirier & Hussey, 1982). While human beings also learn behaviors and skills in a similar manner, they are said to be set apart by the fact that they are still learning, and therefore differ from primates on an evolutionary basis (Farb, 1978). In other words, natural selection has decided the optimum amount of learning required by primates to survive in the wild. Innovation and learning have much to do with the evolution of the primate brain (Reader & Laland, 2001). Increased brain size did influence the learning skills of primates and their ability to innovate. Yet, the reverse is also possible. The evolution of the primate brain has depended on their ability to learn in various ways. It was not only greater brain size that allowed primates to acquire technical knowledge, but technology also enhanced brain evolution (Whiten and Byrne, 1997). Another argument goes that human beings are more adapted to culture compared to other species (Tomasello, 1999). Cultural adaptations might have started when children began to articulate new linguistic symbols. This must have set in place an entirely different cognitive apparatus compared to that of non-human primates (Tomasello, 1999). Language as an indicator of culture has been studied extensively (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1996). It is understood that many species of monkey posses language skills that might be considered to be precursors of human language. Vervet monkeys are known to communicate in signs comprising of a semantic structure (Seyfath et al, 1980). In this respect they can be considered to have a linguistic culture like human beings do. Culture has been defined in many ways. This definition of culture can be applied only to human beings, â€Å"†Culture †¦ is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other ca- pabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society† (Tylor, 1871). According to this definition culture is a domain of human beings (Holloway, 1969). While human beings and non-human primates both learn different skills and behaviors, they differ in the manner in which that experience is organized. Social structure alone cannot be used to say that non-human primates and human beings are both cultural species because all species have a social structure of some sort or the other. Human beings differ from other species in their ability to create arbitrary and abstract rules that shape social relations in manner than transcends all biological ties. Other criteria such as the ability of primates to resolve conflicts have been used to show that primates are not all too different from human beings (Greenberg et al, 2000). Yet this resolution comes with a clause. Aggression is common in social groups such as non-human primates. Chimpanzees are known to live in peace in their groups but are easily provoked into aggressive behavior (Goodall, 1986). Reconciliation usually occurs when an older member of the tribe intervenes. Some scientists define what elements must be used to specify culture – labels, signals, skills and symbols (van Schaik et al, 2003). According to a study done on orangutans and chimpanzees, it was found that only human beings possessed all the foul cultural elements, that is, the labels which signify preferences and ability to recognize food or predators and do not require much innovation; signals to social transmit messages particularly of group value; skills that entail technology and innovation; and symbols that were more sophisticated signals that became characteristic of a group. Orangutans and chimpanzees possess only the first three elements. Culture is a very abstract term when used to describe phenomenon that cannot be quantifies such as the ability to create art and sculptures and literature that are quite characteristic of the life and times of the creator. In an evolutionary and biological system where skills and semantics are measured, non-human primates can be considered to be cultured but when the cognitive functions are observed, culture appears to be truly the domain of human beings. References: Farb, P. (1978). Humankind. New York: Bantam Greenberg, M. , Pierotti, R. , Southwick, C. H. & Waal, F. B. M (2000). Conflict and Resolution in Primates-All Too Human? Science, 290 (5494). 1095-1097 Poirier, F. E. & Hussey K. K. (1982). Nonhuman Primate Learning: The Importance of Learning from an Evolutionary Perspective. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 13(2), 133-148. Reader, S. M. & Laland, K. N. (2002). Social Intelligence, Innovation, and Enhanced Brain Size in Primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(7), 4436-4441. Seyfarth, R. M. , Cheney. D. L. , & Marler P. (1980). Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication. Science, 210, 801-803 Tomasello, M (1999). The Human Adaptation for Culture. Annual Review of Anthropology, 28, (1999), 509-529. Tylor. E. B. (1871). Primitive Culture. London: Murray Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1997) Machiavellian Intelligence II. Extensions and 30. Evaluations. Cambridge Univ. Press: Cambridge, U. K. Van Schaik et al (2003). Orangutan Cultures and the Evolution of Material Culture. Science, 299 (5603), 102-105.

Art As A Creative Field - 895 Words

Art is something I have always admired but it has been just that, an admiration. I have been drawing since my earliest memory, and taught myself to draw from what I saw. While I have developed my skills over the years, I have never formally taken an art class or even learned about different varieties of art form. Now that I have the opportunity to pursue a degree in a creative field, I have realized there is such a vast majority of art, artists, and that we have to look deeper into art and the meaning behind it. Looking at art in terms of its contribution to society has been an even bigger challenge, because it is something that I personally have never thought to consider. When speaking of art in terms of a group or as a stand-alone, I wouldn’t feel comfortable to say that I have ever really felt like I belonged to a part of a group. There are painters, sculptors, crafters, designers, and even sub-categories of these art forms. It’s hard to say where my art style is comparable because I haven’t yet fully developed my skill. I find my inspiration in many different forms of art, but mainly surrealism and realism. I have experimented in various mediums, ranging from paint, pastel, graphite, sculpting, digital art, wood working and burning, resin casting, and tattooing and I still feel like I haven’t quite found my forte. Art on an academic level is very important because I feel that everyone should have the opportunity to learn about art and its significance in our day toShow MoreRelatedBuyers Are The Other Side Of The E Commerce Diagram907 Words   |  4 Pagesare the other part of the successful creative arts marketplace. The buyers can be a picky group when looking at performing arts or creative arts products. There is little standardization available to guide the entrepreneur to select the products that the buyer would like. There is a marketing power with creative arts site that give opportunity to be able to cross-market to gain customers who are interested in the arts as expressed in other sites. Most creative products are unique to the producersRead MoreArt Is Inspirational : Art And Math Based Learning1345 Words   |  6 PagesArt is inspirational. Art is educational. Art is essential. Not acknowledging art is equivalent to ignoring creative minds, creative processes, and creative solu tions. Students have been forced to act as imitators, mirroring their teachers’ movements and ideas. Which leads to a limited creative outlet left for those children taught in a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, also known as STEM, environment. Therefore, the arts should be added to the STEM program to encourage the integrationRead MoreTok Essay Knowledge Is Generated Through the Interaction of Critical and Creative Thinking. Evaluate This Statement in Two Areas of Knowledge.1460 Words   |  6 Pagescritical and creative thinking. Evaluate this statement in two areas of knowledge. The way knowledge is generated is different among the various areas of knowledge, but the way we gain knowledge requires thinking, thought processes, and this may be either critical or creative. The two areas of knowledge I will be addressing are Natural sciences and the arts. The definition of critical thinking is to â€Å"judge† and thus implies the use of logical reasoning using convergent thinking. While creative thinkingRead More A Creative Classroom Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesA Creative Classroom Art education is an essential part of a childs development through life, and much of their learning for life takes place inside the classroom. Those first few years are so incredibly important to the development of each child, and without the creative learning opportunities, children will lack the qualities they need to grow in this world. Art will be something that they will use throughout their life time, so it is imperative to introduce it into their lives early onRead MoreCareer Path Of Visual Communication Design Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesComing from a family of doctors, veterinarians, and other various medical careers, it was almost unheard of to pursue a career in the arts. I explored business, advertising, teaching, and many other careers, but in the end, I decided to place happiness over wealthiness and I chose to go through with a career path in Visual Communication Design. Looking more into an art major and questioning if I had made the right decision, I learned that so many of the things people say about artists are just rumoursRead MoreGraphic Design And Visual Arts873 Words   |  4 Pagesand Visual arts are two different artistic fields. The field of Graphic design, which is responsible for creating solutions that, has a high visual impact. The role involves listening to clients and understanding their needs before making design decisions. Designs by graphic designers are required for huge variety of products and activities, such as websites, advertising, books, magazines, posters, computer games/video games, product packaging, exhibitions and displays. Visual arts on the otherRead More Digital Artists Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesacceptance of digital art into the mainstream art community is a controversy that is slowly becoming history. The controversy is essentially that many people believe that the art is created by the computer, and not by the artist. Numerous art exhibits and shows do not allow digital art in just for that rea son. This is a lack of understanding of how the art is created, because images can not be created unless there is a creator with an idea and that person has gone through the creative process just likeRead MoreWhat It Means to Be Defined as Female in the 21st Century1803 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever pondered on what precisely it meant to be defined as a female living in the 21st century? How do you believe your response relates to your surroundings? How does creativity impact your response? What does it mean to be a creative woman versus a creative man? These questions can help us understand femininity and how creativity plays an underlying role in prevalent gender differences that we endure today. The concept of femininity is socially constructed with biological factors incorporatedRead MoreThe Challenges Of Math And Science Classes Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesfailed to see it. We think art, design, and marketing are creative. However, creativity lies in every field that you are curious in. There is no definite space that creativity exists in. Obviously, this idea struck me later. I also thought a creative person was the one who could compose rhyming poems and stories, who could draw beautiful pictures, or who could sing and dance effortlessly and I also wanted these skills, but it was impossible. Later, I found out, I was creative too. I enjoyed the challengesRead MoreArt Therapy And Graphic Design1617 Words   |  7 Pagesa future career, both art therapy and graphic design are appealing and possible options for me, but which is the better? Art therapy is just what it sounds like, art combined with therapy. When stated like this it sounds easy and simple, however it is a quite complex and intricate occupation; like a professor trying to solve a complex equation, where the professor is the art therapist and he or she is trying to solve the problem the student is having. Specifically, an art therapist’s goal is to

Essay on The Influence of Television on Society - 1089 Words

The Influence of Television on Society In the year of 1926 a man called John Lougie Baird had invented something that has become part of the day-to-day lifestyle of nearly everyone. He had successfully tested it in a laboratory in late 1925 and unveiled with much fanfare in London in early 1926, and later mechanical television was quickly usurped by electronical television. Over the years television has developed greatly, going from black and white to coloured and ranging greatly in size. From portable and hand held televisions to widescreen and flat widescreen televisions, there is a choice to suit everyone. The most recent additions to this can vary from VCRs to DVDs to play stations and other†¦show more content†¦Kaiser Family Foundation, showed that only three percent of sitcoms discussed any of the risks and responsibilities associated with sex drugs and violence. Do they also know that foul language has increased on these shows and words absent on television ten years ago are now cropping up in more comm only in the scripts of characters on soaps and on every network? Would you want your children to grow up using bad language as part of their everyday speech? No definitely not I would ponder, If you ask my opinion, I would say that yes, television does teach children to be creative, but not in a good sense. With television progressing at this rate and filling up with more violence, sex and strong language which is easily accessed, these circumstances can be avoided by ensuring that children take part in more sports such as football, swimming, running, cycling and lots of others and watch less television. Also do you think that a, elderly person would watch a film happily that consists of a lot of violence and strong language? Television could that very strong impact on the elderly if maybe they watch too much of it. It could deprive them of their social life and watching too much television could lead an old woman or manShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Television and Technology in S ociety Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter but to what effect to human society? There appears to be a concern of moral and spiritual affect of what, and how we as society got to this point! Television has conveyed numerous adjustments to the way many people squander their leisure time. Some changes are beneficial; while others may be more poisonous to the mind. Television is so much more powerful because it is able to reach more people at one time. Society also reflects what is publicized on television in various areas, as well as waysRead MoreThe Influence of Television on American Society and Politics1709 Words   |  7 Pagesnewspapers, televisions and the internet, has any media had enough of an impact to alter the conclusion of a war. As the industry of newspapers and posters started to boom during the Second World War, reporters and media companies began exaggerating the story or even exacerbating the story because this fabrication made money quickly and easily. The lies and exaggerations of the media bring fear and strike panic across the nation. With advances in technology the nation introduced the television and, nearlyRead More Influence of Television Upon M odern Society Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Television Upon Modern Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television is a form of media that has great ability to influence and brainwash the viewing public. The talking box in one’s living room has assumed the overpowering role it plays today as a result of the weakness of society. This may seem like a negative view but a society’s strength is based on the relationships between people and when so much time is spent away from others and together with the media, the actions that take place are often timesRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children s Influence On Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the statistics gathered by Nielson’s 20ll â€Å"State of the Trends in TV Viewing,† over 99% of Americans own at least one television and average a total of 34 hours 39 minutes of TV viewing per week (Citation). Outlets such as television shows and movies have the power to influence viewers both directly and indirectly in positive manners; being able to see someone like yourself has the ability to shape how you view yourself and the world. However, the problem lies in the fact that the majorityRead MoreMy Pop Culture Research Topic1250 Words   |  5 PagesMy Pop Culture Research Topic The research topic that I chose to work on is television. I chose this specific topic for various reasons. One reason why I decided to discuss the television subject because for one, it truly has a massive effect on the masses of people, especially when it comes to certain cultures. For instance, the black communities. Reality TV shows such as Love and Hip Hop and Basketball Wives, for example, has a huge affect on black guys and girls alike, especially black femalesRead MoreMedia and Its Affects1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthe nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainment on the younger generation in America can be said to be both positive and negative. The influence is mostly on entertainment media such as television, radio, and the Internet. The influence on the upcoming generation has affected their expression and views on the culture of America. The influence is on how they talk, dress, and act on the society. Th e social media pressure that isRead More Television and Society Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision and Society In Marie Winn’s Essay â€Å"Television: The Plug In Drug,† she states, â€Å"Television’s contribution to family life has been an equivocal one.† Winn focuses on the issue of televisions influence in the lives of American families. Her emphasis is on the mediums influence on children. Although she makes a strong case for the negative influence of television, she fails to consider all of the benefits television has brought to American families. On its own, the television is neitherRead MoreThe Impact of Reality Tv on the Teenagers1732 Words   |  7 PagesKamat : Prof. Jenny Benoy Abstract Reality-based television programming has become a dominant force in television over the past seven years and a staple of most networks’ primetime lineups. This relatively quick change in the television landscape and the sudden increase in viewers’ consumption of reality television necessitate an investigation into the impact these shows are having on their viewers. This proposal attempts to exploreRead MoreViolence And Sex On Television898 Words   |  4 Pages Violence and Sex on Television: Effects on the Younger Audience In today’s society, the media is used greatly for communication, advertisement, information, and for numerous other reasons. The world has evolved by technological advances as well as by the type of content that is put out on the internet, radio, and especially on television. In particular, violence and sex are two of the most controversial content types that have been recently used loosely in the present as compared to theRead More Media and Society Essay519 Words   |  3 Pages Media and Society Does society influence media or does media influence society? In a modern world, dependent on continuous communication this is a very important question. If the world were not dependent on communication over large distances, schooling on a mass basis would not be possible or necessary. Most knowledge in traditional cultures was local knowledge, (Geertz 1983) traditions that were passed on through a local community, a very slow and long drawn out

The Flaws Of Human Nature - 1717 Words

The flaws of human nature are many, but one of the biggest is the gullibility, especially in the presence of the supernatural. It is often easy to think that the thoughts or actions of an individual are of their own doing. It is even easier to assume that the range of the mind falls between good and evil. But society is not quite clear and even in fiction, there is always something motivating an action that lingers in the back of the mind of any character. The supernatural in particular is known for its ability to push people to extremes and alter their perception drastically. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, it is easy to assume the blind ambition that brews within Macbeth and his wife or the guilt that plagues them following their actions is the biggest motivator. But that is just the surface of the complexity interlaced into this tragedy. Dig further, and it becomes clear that these emotions were not always prevalent in the characters, but were instead prompted by a force so power ful, it toyed with fate and provoked deception until the end; it was the supernatural that fueled the emotions and actions that take up much of the play. The themes of ambition, insecurity and the power of the ego are prevalent not just in current society, but also in Scotland during the period in which this play is set. Macbeth’s own interpretation of these emotions, provoked since the first encounter with the witches, is what makes him commit ruthless and immoral actions. The supernatural provokesShow MoreRelatedThe Flaws Of Human Nature1901 Words   |  8 PagesThe flaws of human nature are many but one of the biggest is the gullibility of humans, especially in the presence of the supernatural. It is often easy to think that the thoughts or actions of an individual are of their own doing. It is even easier to assume that the range of the mind falls between good and evil. But society is not quite clear and even in fiction, there is always something motivating an action that lingers in the back of the mind of any character. The supernatural in particularRead MoreEssay about The Flaws in Human Nature919 Words   |  4 Pages The Flaws in Human Nature The story is known. A boy buys magic beans from a seller, plants the bean, and a giant bean stalk sprouts. The boy climbs it and meets a giant. This giant however is not like the giant in â€Å"The Selfish Giant†, by Oscar Wilde. While reading this short story a theme at first glance did not surface. But while dissecting it, readers will see that this is a follow-up of Adam and Eve with many lessons that the reader can learn. Reading this short story will accentuate the flawsRead MoreScarlet Letter Human Nature Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesinstinct, known as human nature, has directly impacted the way humans carry out their daily lives. These instincts have also enabled mankind to be the most dominant species to ever live on this planet. Despite all the positives that human nature bring, it coexists with numerous flaws and inconsistencies as well. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne magnifies the flaws of human nature by incorporating them into the characters of the novel, where he emphasizes how human nature has the tendencyRead MoreThe Mirror Of Weaknesses Of Shakespeare s Othello Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesKrystal Li Ms. Tafader ENG3U December 17, 2015 The Mirror for Weaknesses Humans are contradictions, which good and evil nature both exists. The grand tragic play Othello written by Shakespeare illustrates the contradictions in human natures through the display of tragic falls of various characters such as Othello, Iago, and Roderigo. Othello, the protagonist of the play, fell in love with the daughter of a nobleman, Desdemona. However, this relationship is soon broken up because Othello believedRead MoreHow Does Writing Necessary Writing?1408 Words   |  6 Pagescategorized as effective writing, or plain words on paper. However, the characteristics of good writing consists of deep explanations of the world around us, and can emotionally connect the reader to the piece of literature. Writing that depicts the flaws of society through the perspective of individuals can create extensive understandings of how the world functions. Most authors portray society as an imperfect and often cruel reality produced by mankind s desires and fears. In the story â€Å"Shunned†Read MoreOdysseus and His Flaws1205 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus and his flaws In Homers Odyssey, the hero is Odysseus, a man who left his home to fight the Trojan War and who comes back twenty years later to find his household overrun by suitors courting his wife Penelope. Throughout his journey, this rich and complex character battles lifes temptations towards purification, since he must overcome his sins and flaws in order to obtain redemption from the gods, thus returning home to his throne on the island of Ithaca. However, this purification processRead MoreConfucianism: Morality and Confucius1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthe problem(s) of human nature. What is his prescription? Do you think it’s a good one? If you agree, explain why? After studying the Confucius theory of human nature, my outlook and view on many things have either been changed or at least question. I am left to wonder how being born into this belief system may impact an individual views of themselves, and the world around them. Overall Confucianism is a very practical belief system. Confucius seemed very optimistic about humans, in that the speciesRead MoreHuman Condition Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe human condition is a term which references our complicated existence by highlighting our ongoing ability to adapt and change both our perceptions and values. Through our mental capabilities of both creativity and imagination, humanity is able to achieve a sense of both self-actualisation and liberation, resulting in them acting as the core of our existence where, without them we would become susceptible to the overwhelming flaws of the human condition. Evidencing this are the three texts, ‘Dejection:Read MoreDefining the Tragic Hero Ess ay632 Words   |  3 PagesA tragic hero is the main character in a tragedy story. He is the main theme. He is the source behind the main issues of the plot and some major points maybe cleared by observing his actions and nature. The tragic hero is always larger than life, a person of action whose decisions determine the fate of others. He is a man who is superior then the average person, a character of noble stature and greatness. Though the tragic hero is pre-eminently great, he is not perfect. Otherwise, the audienceRead MoreSymbolism In The Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne792 Words   |  4 Pagesobsessed with human perfection. He is a scientist by the name of Aylmer who has recently married a very beautiful woman named Georgina. Although Georgina is a beautiful woman, she has a birthmark in the shape of a tiny hand on her cheek. He sees the birthmark as a flaw and as an opportunity to perfect the already beautiful woman he loves. Aylmer, a perfectionist and ambitious scientist becomes obsessed with eradicating the birthmark, so much so that he plays with the natural order of huma n nature. At first

Commercial Banking Risk Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Banking Risk Management. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify the potential risk areas of a public company. This particular project identifies the qualitative and quantitative risks associated with the auditing of the financial statements of the public company. The Royal Bank of Canada has been chosen for the purpose of the study. The Royal Bank of Canada is a listed company on the Toronto Stock Exchange and is a multinational Canadian financial services company. It is the second largest bank in Canada. The bank covers more than fifteen million clients online and employs 80000 people worldwide. The bank has its headquarters in Montreal, Quebec and was founded in 1864 in Halifax. The qualitative and the quantitative risks associated with the financial operations of Royal Bank of Canada has been supported by the annual reports, management disclosures and other financial analysis that has been carried out in order to state the findings with enough evidence (Cooper, Kingyens, Paradi, 2014). Though the mathe matical figures represent a strong foundation for the proposed ideas, there are certain limitations to these figures. For instance, the fall in the net income incurred by the company in a certain financial year may be due to a particular crisis or financial event. Therefore, the huge loss incurred by the company may offset the total average financial performance of the company indicating that the company is not doing well. Here comes the role of the auditor who intends to critically scrutinize the financial statements and the performance of the company and then recommend accurate steps in order to address those issues (Mohsni Otchere, 2015). The Royal Bank of Canada has been the largest Canadian bank based on the market capital. The bank has been paying consistent or increasing dividends every year since its foundation. The company also accrues a dividend yield of 4.1% and a price to earnings ratio of 12. The financial performance of the company has also followed an upward increasing trend. In the year of 2015 the net income increased by $531 million and the net income further increased by $178 million. The total revenue also increased by 4%. In spite of such figures, there are certain risks that are faced by the company. These risks have been identified and also have been mentioned in the annual report of the company (Otchere Mohsni, 2014). The last quarter of the financial year of 2016 marked a slow phase in terms of the growth of the Royal Bank of Canada. The bank has been doing well but there have been certain risk factors that pose a threat to the company. The major or primary quantitative risk that is face by every company is the risk associated with material misstatement in the accounting statements or fraud committed in the accounting statements in order to fulfill the personal interest of the employee, committing the fraud (Embrechts Hofert, 2014). As disclosed by the annual report of the company for the financial year of 2016, there are certain areas where the probability of occurring material misstatement is high. The term material misstatement refers to the act of understatement or over statement of a particular account either by mistake or by purpose in order to commit fraud or manipulation of the books of accounts. Misstatements may also occur when certain transactions have not been recorded or they have not been entered in the books of accounts. As evident from the annual report of the company for the financial year of 2016, the non-interest income of the Royal Bank of Canada should be checked thoroughly (Smales, 2016). This means that all the transactions related to interest income should be traced back to the payments. The suppliers or the entities obligated to the bank for the payment of interest income should be interviewed and the dockets or vouchers of payments should be checked in order to ensure that the recorded and the actual amount that has been transacted is same. This will surely mitigate the occurrence of misstatement in the books of account. To be more precise, the others head under the net interest income fluctuates a bit too much. This means that other sources from whom the company has gained the interest income should be checked. An amount of $685 in the financial year of 2014, $900 in 2015 and $773 in 2016 indicates the probability of a certain anomaly in the books of accounts. Therefore, the auditor should make it a point to trace back all the transactions. Another important auditing procedure in order to handle the quantitative risk of material misstatement is calculation of the materiality for a particular financial year. Materiality refers to the permissible amount of misstatement. This means that the auditor should develop a rational method for determining the amount of materiality. If the total amount of misstatement exceeds this amount of materiality then it would be forwar ded to the upper level management or the Board of Directors (Rbc.com. Retrieved 22 November 2017, from https://www.rbc.com/investorrelations/pdf/ar_2016_e.pdf). Management Assertion The management of the Royal Bank of Canada takes enough initiative in order to mitigate the risks such as credit risk or market risk. However, the quantitative risk of material misstatement should be given prior importance. The auditor may develop the amount of materiality by assigning a rate of five percent over the net income of the financial year whose books are being audited. Therefore, the management should make it a point to review the compliance of these established standards. Surprise internal audits will also help to mitigate this risk (Tian, 2016). The next potential quantitative risk that the Royal Bank of Canada is facing is the imminent threat of cyber risk. The security related to information and other important data in the financial services sector should be high. With the technological leap that the entire banking sector has undertaken the protection of client and other relevant data has become highly important. Recent instances of cyber attacks have proved that the financial sectors or the IT departments of the respective organizations are not competent enough to save the crucial organization information from the hackers (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The potential intangible assets that are affected by these cyber attacks are financial data, client information, goodwill of the company, trade secrets and other software related data. The Royal Bank of Canada has been facing this threat. This is requires a quantitative analysis as because this particular risk cannot be mitigated without assigning proper valuation to the assets under threat. The auditor must find out the value of these intangible assets with the help of the fair market valuation system (Cohen, Krishnamoorthy Wright, 2017). The auditor may utilize the cost approach or the income approach in order to find out the value of these intellectual assets. Thus after the valuation of the intangible assets the growth or deterioration of these assets can be measured. This can clearly indicate the effect and result of the cyber attacks or other security threats that is faced by the Royal Bank of Canada. The particular question that the auditing team needs to ask the management o f the Royal Bank of Canada is that whether they have been taking proper initiative in order to maintain the informational or client security of the bank. There should be proper application of passwords and portal codes with restricted access in order to maintain the privacy. Competent backing up processes and storage devices with enough protection should be available. Moreover, the backing up of files containing important information should be made a periodic activity by the management (Rbc.com. Retrieved 22 November 2017, from https://www.rbc.com/investorrelations/pdf/ar_2016_e.pdf). Management Assertion The management of the Royal Bank of Canada should strictly adhere to the above mentioned recommendations. The Royal Bank of Canada being a part of the financial services sector is more vulnerable to the cyber attacks. Therefore, the management in addition to the already implemented steps should be active in revaluing the intangible assets and find out the quantitative effect that the potential threat of cyber attacks has on the bank. The Royal Bank of Canada has taken enough interest in protecting the information of its clients or customers but as mentioned in the annual report, the bank still faces the looming risk of cyber attack. Therefore, the needful steps should be undertaken in order to mitigate the risk (Benoit, Hurlin Prignon, 2017). The third quantitative risk that has come up from the calculation of the significant ratios of the Royal Bank of Canada is that the bank has been facing a diminishing asset turnover ratio for the past three years. This poses a real risk which if goes unnoticed may turn out to become a potential threat for the bank. Analyses of the significant ratios have helped in arriving at such a decision. There are certain limitations of the significant ratios like economic disasters or seasonal fluctuations may tamper the accurate forecasts of these ratios. Therefore, in order to minimize the effect of such events the financial ratios have been prepared at a stretch for three consecutive financial years. In order to find out the exact quantitative risk that the bank is facing the auditor needs to appropriately calculate the financial ratios of the bank. This must be done accurately. The auditor must make sure that the figures obtained for the calculation of the financial ratios are authentic and genuine, that is, they have been traced back to point of generation and has been matched with the figures that have been recorded in the financial statements. Now, the asset turnover ratio of the Royal Bank of Canada shows a diminishing figure in the current financial year of 2016 that is 0.03. The bank has been maintaining a stable asset turnover ratio of 0.04 for the past few financial years. But the current year of 2016 show a drop in asset turnover ratio. Now the asset turnover ratio refers to the ability of an organization to utilize its assets in order to generate revenue. The more efficiently an organization deploys its assets in the generation of company revenue, the more is the asset turnover ratio. This particular ratio being constant may also be a reason of concern for the bank. A constant ratio poses that the bank is not being able to improve the efficiency of its assets for increasing the revenue generation incurred by the bank (Chu, 2015). The question that the auditor should ask the management is that what internal controls have been implemented in order to increase the efficiency of the utilization of the assets. The potential procedures that might be adopted by the bank in order to increase its asset turnover ratio is that the bank may look after the collections from its debtors, that is, increase in the collections or the accounts receivables will increase the asset turnover ratio. More importantly, increase in efficiency of utilization of the assets of the bank and implementation of technology in order to properly record the internal proceeding would help to increase the asset turnover ratio of the Royal Bank of Canada (Rbc.com. Retrieved 22 November 2017, from https://www.rbc.com/investorrelations/pdf/ar_2016_e.pdf). Management Assertion The management of the Royal Bank of Canada has implemented enough measures to overcome the credit risks. However, the consistent asset turnover ratio should have been a reason of concern. In addition to it the current value of the ratio has dropped, the management at the Royal Bank of Canada must look into this. The management for increasing the asset turnover ratio of the bank should consider the recommended steps by the auditor. The primary qualitative risk that is faced by the Royal Bank of Canada is the dangerous real estate market in Canada that poses a looming threat over the financial condition of the bank. The major reason for the downfall of the real estate market is the Great Recession that affected the real estate industry all over the world. The downfall of the real estate market in Canada has been posing a threat to the Royal Bank of Canada. The Condos in the largest cities of Canada are the most overpriced. The Condo mortgages make up 2.7% of the Royal Bank of Canadas total loan portfolio and 9.8% of the total residential mortgage portfolio. Given the financial stability and the liquidity of the Royal bank of Canada, the bank is less likely to hugely suffer due to the housing crisis in Canada. However, the auditor must ensure that the precautions from the looming crisis have been prepared before hand by the management of the Royal Bank of Canada. The housing crisis would most probably affect the short term earnings of the bank, therefore enough retained earnings or a good liquidity position of the company will be enough precaution in order to handle the impending threat ("Royal Bank of Canada: Minor Risks, Major Returns, Mean Reversion - Sure Dividend", 2017). The management of the Royal Bank of Canada should be well aware of the economic situation in which the bank is operating. Thus, the auditing question that the management needs to answer is that whether it has done enough preparation to meet the risk that may arise in the future. Thus, the management should implement enough risk control in order to mitigate the effect of such an impending crisis. The second qualitative risk that the bank is facing is the risk of low oil prices in the market of Canada. The Royal Bank of Canada has already showed signs of delayed growth due to the unprecedented fall in the oil prices in Canada. The increased rate of growth that the bank was subjected to has faced a steep obstacle due to the decrease in the oil prices. The Royal bank of Canada already has taken a hit to its earnings which may evidently lead to loss of potential customer base and corporate portfolios. The credit department of the bank received the major blow. The first quarter of the financial year of 2016 saw the bank incur a credit loss of $298 million. The only recommendation for the management by the auditor is to lower the rate of extension of credit until the bank surpasses the crisis situation ("Royal Bank of Canada: Minor Risks, Major Returns, Mean Reversion - Sure Dividend", 2017). The management of the Royal bank of Canada has been competent enough to handle the situation of low oil prices in Canada. However, the particular auditor recommendation in the above discussion may prove to be advantageous for the bank. Conclusion Therefore, as it can be understood from the above discussion Royal Bank of Canada has been in a good financial condition. However, there are certain quantitative and qualitative risks that either the bank has been facing currently or will be facing in the future. The recommendations provided after proper conducting of the auditing review may not be completely accurate as there are certain limitations of the auditing procedures carried out by the auditor. The limitation may be human error, use of judgment in assuming estimates for reporting purposes or multiple possibilities of a single accounting interpretation. However, the auditor should make sure to mitigate the occurrence of error as much as possible. References Benoit, S., Hurlin, C., Prignon, C. (2017). Pitfalls in Systemic-Risk Scoring (No. hal-01485644). Chu, K. H. (2015). Bank consolidation and stability: The Canadian experience, 18671935. Journal of Financial Stability, 21, 46-60. 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